Las diásporas transnacionales: ¿una nueva era o un nuevo mito?

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Eliezer Ben-Rafael

Resumen

Las innumerables situaciones sin precedentes que se vinculan hoy en día al concepto de diáspora transnacional, han suscitado un debate en torno al hecho mismo de si este fenómeno señala o no el nacimiento de una nueva era. Nosotros afirmamos que sí representa la expresión de un nuevo tipo de heterogeneización, tanto de la realidad social como de las diásporas en sí mismas como entidades mundiales. Desde esta perspectiva dialéctica describimos las diásporas transnacionales como causas de discontinuidad en nuestro mundo y destacamos el cambio cualitativo en los tejidos sociales que ellas representan. La cualidad de tener un lugar de residencia dual o triple, propia de la condición transnacional, significa para quienes viven la diáspora, un alejamiento del carácter totalizador inherente al compromiso y concepto de nación que el Estado-nación exige a sus ciudadanos. Cuando se observa en su multiplicidad la cohabitación bajo el mismo techo social de entidades socioculturales que son ajenas, a priori se da lugar a una configuración que no es igual en cada escenario, pero que sí corresponde en lo esencial a la nueva realidad que muchos experimentan en la sociedad contemporánea. Para ilustrar esta perspectiva, el presente trabajo compara cuatro diásporas transnacionales contemporáneas muy conocidas: la musulmana, la africana, la hispana y la china.

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Ben-Rafael, E. (2013). Las diásporas transnacionales: ¿una nueva era o un nuevo mito?. Revista Mexicana De Ciencias Políticas Y Sociales, 58(219). https://doi.org/10.1016/S0185-1918(13)72308-0

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