Votantes permisivos: la tolerancia ciudadana ante las transgresiones a la integridad electoral
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Los votantes que se identifican con el gobierno en turno tienden a mostrar mayor confianza en las instituciones políticas. Sin embargo, en algunas circunstancias,estos votantes también pueden mostrar mayor tolerancia a las transgresiones perpetradas por el ejecutivo en contra de la democracia. Ese artículo aporta evidencia de que los votantes identificados con el gobierno muestran mayor permisividad ante las violaciones a la integridad electoral cuando el ejecutivo promueve elecciones manipuladas e inequitativas. Este estudio utiliza los datos de la Encuesta Mundial de Valores para analizar las actitudes hacia la integridad electoral en catorce países de América. Estos fueron clasificados en democracias liberales, democracias electorales y autoritarismos competitivos. Los resultados muestran que las percepciones de integridad y malas prácticas electorales están asociadas a lo mismo, la identificación de la ciudadanía con el ejecutivo que al tipo de régimen político. El análisis revela, en lo particular, que los ciudadanos afines al gobierno y que viven en un régimen autoritario-competitivo tienden a ser más permisivos, pues perciben tanta integridad electoral como los votantes en democracias liberales. Estos hallazgos contribuyen a investigar las condiciones asociadas a la tolerancia ciudadana a las transgresiones a la integridad electoral.
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