IMPOSEX IN Stramonita brasiliensis (MOLLUSCA: GASTROPODA) IN PORT TERMINAL OF CEARÁ: ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT AND PERCEPTION
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Imposex consists of the appearance of male sexual structures in female gastropods exposed to contamination containing organotin compounds (OTCs). Molluscs of the genus Stramonita are highly sensitive to OTC’s, making this taxon the world's bioindicator of tin contamination. The aim of the study was to to evaluate the environmental perception of fishermen about the origin and use of OTCs in port areas on the west coast of Ceará. Fifty specimens of the species were collected at each of four fishing ports and evaluated. Interviews were also carried out with fishermen, boat owners and paint dealers to determine the origin and use of OTCs. The incidence of imposex in S. brasilienses was observed in three of the locations sampled. The species was not found in Porto Pesqueiro de Acaraú, which may have been the result of years of OTCs use. The highest incidence of imposex was recorded at Praia da Pedra Rachada in Paracuru (69.44%), followed by Porto dos Barcos in Itarema (69.18%) and Porto Pesqueiro de Camocim, with the latter having the lowest incidence of the syndrome (51.22%). The information obtained in the interviews revealed that even after the ban on the use of OTCs in antifouling paints, these contaminants continue to reach ports through alternative sources such as legally marketed insecticides. The occurrence of imposex in these samples strongly suggests that these areas are contaminated by OTC’s. Studies based on the development of imposex are important tools for monitoring environmental conditions and conserving biodiversity.
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