Neuropsychological profile of leptin
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
Leptin is an anorexigenic hormone that has a wide range of actions in our body, both peripherally and centrally. Its levels have been studied in multiple metabolic and neuropsychological diseases, the latter including depression, anxiety, obsessive-compulsive disorder, gambling disorder, and food addiction. So far, the relationship has been positive. All these pathologies are correlated with a high body mass index (overweight and obesity). Increased leptin levels cause resistance due to receptor dysfunction, alteration of neural pathways, or peripheral tissue. Leptin affects dopaminergic activity, as the neurons in this pathway have receptors to communicate with this hormone. When these receptors are dysfunctional and leptin levels increase, there is a reduction in dopamine release, and humans, in their eagerness to increase their levels, begin to consume highly palatable and rewarding foods excessively, which promotes food addiction. Various studies have found an association between increased leptin levels and phobic anxiety, impulsivity, emotional dysregulation, poorer cognitive flexibility, and inhibitory control. This is explained by the impact of this hormone on the limbic system. However, further research is needed to deepen and clarify this association.
Downloads
Article Details
Citas en Dimensions Service
References
Cani, P. D., & Van-Hul, M. (2024). Gut microbiota in overweight and obesity: Crosstalk with adipose tissue. Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology, 21(3), 164-183. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41575-023-00867-z DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41575-023-00867-z
Diéguez-Campa, C. E., Castillo Ledón-Pretellini, J., de los Santos-Coyotl, J. A., Angel-Chávez, L. I., Flores-Apodaca, I. A., & Pérez-Neri, I. (2022). La leptina y su papel en la neuroendocrinología de la obesidad. Archivos de Neurociencias (México), 27(3), 28-36. https://doi.org/10.31157/an.v27i3.323 DOI: https://doi.org/10.31157/an.v27i3.323
Etxandi, M., Baenas, I., Mora-Maltas, B., Granero, R., Fernández-Aranda, F., Tovar, S., Solé-Morata, N., Lucas, I., Casado, S., Gómez-Peña, M., Moragas, L., Del Pino-Gutiérrez, A., Tapia, J., Valenciano-Mendoza, E., Potenza, M. N., Gearhardt, A. N., Diéguez, C., & Jiménez-Murcia, S. (2023). Plasma concentration of leptin is related to food addiction in gambling disorder: Clinical and neuropsychological implications. Journal of Behavioral Addictions, 12(4), 1019–1031. https://doi.org/10.1556/2006.2023.00051 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1556/2006.2023.00051
Gupta, A., Osadchiy, V., & Mayer, E. A. (2020). Brain–gut–microbiome interactions in obesity and food addiction. Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology, 17(11), 655-672. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41575-020-0341-5 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41575-020-0341-5
Islam, M. M., Islam, M. M., Rahman, M. A., Ripon, M. A. R., & Hossain, M. S. (2023). Gut microbiota in obesity and related complications: unveiling the complex interplay. Life Sciences, 334, 122-211. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lfs.2023.122211 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lfs.2023.122211
Neri-Calixto, M., Ayllón-Álvarez, D., Vieyra-Reyes, P., Hernández-González, M. M., Jiménez-Garcés, C., & Flores-Ocampo, P. M. (2015). Influencia de grelina y leptina sobre alteraciones psiquiátricas en sujetos con obesidad. Medicina e Investigación, 3(2), 152-161. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mei.2015.02.017 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mei.2015.02.017
Sehgal, K., & Khanna, S. (2021). Gut microbiota: a target for intervention in obesity. Expert Review of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, 15(10), 1169-1179. https://doi.org/10.1080/17474124.2021.1963232 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/17474124.2021.1963232
Van-Son, J., Koekkoek, L.L., La-Fleur, S.E., Serlie, M.J., & Nieuwdorp, M. (2021). The role of the gut microbiota in the gut–brain axis in obesity: Mechanisms and future implications. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 22(6), 2993. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22062993 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22062993