Comprensión conceptual de los estudiantes de bachillerato sobre la naturaleza y las propiedades del gas en Irán
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Las concepciones erróneas en ciencia representan un desafío tanto para estudiantes como para docentes, ya que muchos alumnos aceptan como verdaderos los conceptos presentados por sus profesores y libros de texto, aunque estos también pueden ser fuente de malentendidos. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo identificar las percepciones de los estudiantes sobre el comportamiento y las propiedades de los gases mediante una prueba diagnóstica de 60 minutos. La muestra incluyó a 142 estudiantes de décimo grado en una escuela para el desarrollo de talentos excepcionales en Irán. La prueba, compuesta por seis preguntas de opción múltiple y tres preguntas abiertas, fue validada por expertos en química y mostró una alta concordancia interevaluador. Se evaluó la comprensión de los estudiantes sobre las fuerzas interpartículas en la fase gaseosa, la relación entre la energía cinética y la presión del gas, así como la naturaleza y las interacciones de las partículas gaseosas. Los resultados indicaron que la mayoría de los estudiantes respondieron incorrectamente. El análisis de sus explicaciones reveló la presencia de múltiples concepciones erróneas, especialmente en conceptos a nivel particulado. Además, estas concepciones pueden considerarse una forma de conocimiento previo arraigado en un marco lógico y justificativo, aunque no siempre alineado con el conocimiento científico establecido.
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