Introducción del equilibrio químico en el laboratorio: reacciones reversibles e incompletas
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Un estudio histórico de las ideas clave que conformaron el concepto de equilibrio químico puede ayudar en el diseño de actividades experimentales de indagación guiada para su enseñanza. Esta tarea se ejemplifica mediante la revisión de varios trabajos de laboratorio en los que se introducen dos ideas clave: ‘reacción incompleta’ y ‘reversibilidad’. En el proceso de construcción conceptual que se presenta, los estudiantes de química necesitan revisar su conocimiento previo referido a su comprensión inicial de las reacciones químicas. Además, el profesorado debe intentar que el alumnado no genere algunas ideas alternativas que se manifiestan muy persistentes y que, por tanto, pueden actuar como barreras de aprendizaje. Finalmente, se realiza una breve reflexión didáctica referida a la explicación dinámica de estos procesos químicos.
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