DECOMPOSITION ANALYSIS OF INCOME INEQUALITY IN MEXICO, 2016-2024
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Resumen
ABSTRACT
Income inequality should be a key subject in economic analysis; it ought to be at the centre stage of economic theory. In particular, the study of households’ income sources is fundamental to get to know the mechanisms shaping inequality. In this article income surveys are used to scrutinize income inequality in Mexico during the period 2016-2024. A decomposition analysis of the Gini index (Shorrocks, 1982; Lerman and Yitzhaki, 1985) for every year with information available and a decomposition of the change of the Gini index during the period (Cortés, 2000) are here conducted. We found that labour income is the income source which contributed the most to inequality, given its high share in total income. Government benefits, in turn, contributed to reduce inequality only during the first two years, then they augmented it. On the other hand, with respect to changes in the Gini index, labour income contributed to diminishing it, whilst government benefits increased it. This result speaks to the need of redesigning social programs with a view to strengthening the State´s redistributive action within a social rights framework.
ANÁLISIS DE DESCOMPOSICIÓN DE LA DESIGUALDAD DEL INGRESO EN MÉXICO, 2016-2024
RESUMEN
La desigualdad del ingreso debe ser un tema central en el análisis económico; en particular, el estudio de las fuentes de ingreso que obtienen los hogares es fundamental para conocer los mecanismos que dan forma a la desigualdad. Mediante el uso de las encuestas de ingreso, en este artículo analizamos la desigualdad del ingreso en México en el periodo 2016-2024, elaboramos un análisis de descomposición del índice de Gini (Shorrocks, 1982; Lerman y Yitzhaki, 1985) para cada año disponible y una descomposición del cambio del índice en el periodo (Cortés, 2000). Encontramos que la fuente que más contribuye a la desigualdad es el ingreso por trabajo, debido a su alta participación en el ingreso total; los beneficios gubernamentales contribuyeron a disminuir la desigualdad los primeros dos años y, posteriormente, la aumentaron. Al considerar el cambio del índice de Gini en el periodo, observamos que el ingreso laboral contribuyó a disminuirlo y los beneficios gubernamentales a aumentarlo. Estos resultados apuntan a la necesidad de revisar el diseño de los programas sociales para reforzar la acción redistributiva del Estado en un marco de derechos sociales.
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