Using RAG in the development of B@UNAM instructional scripts
Main Article Content
Abstract
This project describes the implementation of Generative Artificial Intelligence (GenAI) as support for the development of educational content for UNAM's Distance Learning High School (B@UNAM). The project focuses on complementing the process of creating instructional scripts through the application of RAG (Retrieval-Augmented Generation) systems that integrate more than 1,450 essential and fundamental learning objectives established by UNAM for this educational level. A system was developed based on the large language model Llama 3.2, which utilizes a specialized database of academic documents indexed through a unique key system by knowledge area. This architecture enables the generation of high-quality content while maintaining traceability and verification of the sources used.
Article Details
Citas en Dimensions Service
References
Amador Bautista, M. del R. . (2023). Función social del Bachillerato a Distancia de la UNAM (B@UNAM, 2007-2022). Revista Mexicana de Bachillerato a Distancia, 15(29). https://doi.org/10.22201/cuaieed.20074751e.2023.29.84984 DOI: https://doi.org/10.22201/cuaieed.20074751e.2023.29.84984
Arora, S., y Ramteke, V. (2024). Revolutionizing Third Party Risk Management Using Generative AI and RAG. 2024 First International Conference on Data, Computation and Communication (ICDCC), 16–22. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICDCC62744.2024.10961910 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/ICDCC62744.2024.10961910
Bañuelos, A. M. (2019). La evaluación de cursos en línea mediante rúbrica. El caso de las asignaturas de B@UNAM. Revista Mexicana de Bachillerato a Distancia, 11(22). https://doi.org/10.22201/cuaed.20074751e.2019.22.70578 DOI: https://doi.org/10.22201/cuaed.20074751e.2019.22.70578
Bhardwaj, S., Joshi, R. C., Tiwari, V., Riha, K., Sikora, P., y Dutta, M. K. (2025). AI-powered retrieval-augmented generation framework with large language models for enhanced public health response. 2025 3rd International Conference on Advancement in Computation & Computer Technologies (InCACCT), 616–621. https://doi.org/10.1109/InCACCT65424.2025.11011436 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/InCACCT65424.2025.11011436
Consejo Académico del Bachillerato. (2008). Conocimientos fundamentales para la enseñanza media superior. https://www.cab.unam.mx//nucleo_con/con_fun_2008/completa.pdf
Consejo Académico del Bachillerato. (2023). Aprendizajes esenciales 2023. https://www.cab.unam.mx//interiores/aprendizajes_esenciales.html
Dirección General de Comunicación Social. (2016, octubre 2). Tiene la UNAM 400 alumnos de Bachillerato a Distancia en 34 países de los cinco continentes. Boletín UNAM-DGCS-722. https://www.dgcs.unam.mx/index.html
Gokcimen, T., y Das, B. (2025). A novel system for strengthening security in large language models against hallucination and injection attacks with effective strategies. Alexandria Engineering Journal, 123, 71–90. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aej.2025.03.030 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aej.2025.03.030
Huynh, L. y McNamara, D. S. (2025). GenAI-Powered Text Personalization: Natural Language Processing Validation of Adaptation Capabilities. Applied Sciences, 15(12), 6791. https://doi.org/10.3390/app15126791 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/app15126791
Joshi, S., Srivastava, A. P., Prabhu, S., Pathak, P., Chirputkar, A. y Pillai, S. (2024). Trends in digital transformation (DT) of higher education institutes (HEI): Bibliometric and systematic review of 13 years. Journal of Applied Research in Higher Education. https://doi.org/10.1108/JARHE-02-2024-0084 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/JARHE-02-2024-0084
Lewis, P., Perez, E., Piktus, A., Petroni, F., Karpukhin, V., Goyal, N., … y Kiela, D. (2020). Retrieval-augmented generation for knowledge-intensive NLP tasks. Proceedings of the 34th International Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems. https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2005.11401
Meta. (2024, septiembre 25). Llama 3.2: Revolutionizing edge AI and vision with open, customizable models. Meta AI. Recuperado el 28 de agosto de 2025, de https://ai.meta.com/blog/llama-3-2-connect-2024-vision-edge-mobile-devices/
Mukul, E., y& Büyüközkan, G. (2023). Digital transformation in education: A systematic review of education 4.0. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 194, 122664. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2023.122664 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2023.122664
Naranjo, L. D. (2014). Avance tecnológico en el Bachillerato a Distancia de la UNAM (b@unam) en línea. Revista Mexicana de Bachillerato a Distancia, 6(12), 6–6. https://doi.org/10.22201/cuaed.20074751e.2014.12.64869 DOI: https://doi.org/10.22201/cuaed.20074751e.2014.12.64869
O’Sullivan, G. (2025). U-shaped learning: A new model for transdisciplinary education. Humanities and Social Sciences Communications, 12(1), 182. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-025-04478-8 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-025-04478-8
Pineda, V. J. (2019). El proceso de construcción del mapa de pensamientos de B@UNAM. Revista Mexicana de Bachillerato a Distancia, 11(22). https://doi.org/10.22201/cuaed.20074751e.2019.22.70585 DOI: https://doi.org/10.22201/cuaed.20074751e.2019.22.70585
Elwin, G. R., Narayanan, R., Raj, R., & Moumitha. (2025). AI-driven solution for analyzing and interpreting data from PDFs and other textual resources using RAG and Hybrid Retrieval Models. 2025 2nd International Conference on Research Methodologies in Knowledge Management, Artificial Intelligence and Telecommunication Engineering (RMKMATE), 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1109/RMKMATE64874.2025.11042348 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/RMKMATE64874.2025.11042348
Şahi̇n Kizil, A. (2024). Large Language Models and automated essay scoring: Implications arising from research. International Journal of Language Academy, 12(3), 85–97. https://doi.org/10.29228/ijla.77036 DOI: https://doi.org/10.29228/ijla.77036
Vadillo, G., Bucio García, J., y Naranjo, D. (2022). 15 años de B@UNAM: Nacimiento y desarrollo de un bachillerato en línea. EDUTECH REVIEW. International Education Technologies Review / Revista Internacional de Tecnologías Educativas, 9(1), 77–86. https://doi.org/10.37467/gkarevedutech.v9.3306 DOI: https://doi.org/10.37467/gkarevedutech.v9.3306
Vadillo, G., y Villatoro, C. (2009). B@UNAM: Interdisciplina y actualización en el currículum integrado de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Revista Mexicana de Bachillerato a Distancia, 1. https://doi.org/10.22201/cuaed.20074751e.2009.Especial.46979 DOI: https://doi.org/10.22201/cuaed.20074751e.2009.Especial.46979
Xu, X., Xiao, T., Chao, Z., Huang, Z., Yang, C., y Wang, Y. (2025). Can LLMs solve longer Math word problems better? ICLR. (arXiv:2405.14804). arXiv. https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2405.14804

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.