Clinical and antibacterial effect of Copaifera reticulata to support the treatment of periodontitis in type 2 diabetics

Abstract

Introduction: nowadays the use of natural products are an option in the treatment of various diseases, as could well be copaiba oleoresin, which presents properties that could be used as an adjuvant in the treatment of periodontitits. Objective: to determine the clinical and antibacterial effect of Copaifera reticulate (C.reticulata) «copaiba» as support for non-surgical periodontal therapy (NSPT) in the treatment of periodontitis in type 2 diabetic patients. Material and methods: 40 homologous zones with periodontitis were identified in the maxillary or mandibular hemiarchs of 20 type 2 diabetic patients, recording the clinical variables: probing depth (PD), clinical insertion level (CIL), bleeding on probing (BP) and gingival color (GC). Subgingival biofilm and blood samples were also collected for bacterial count and determination of glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), respectively. Two homologous areas per patient were evaluated, forming a control group of 20 areas with periodontitis that received NSPT plus chlorhexidine and a study group of 20 areas with periodontitis that received NSPT plus C. reticulata. The obtained values were processed by the statistical tests of Wilcoxon and Fisher. Results: the PD had a difference of comparison between the control and study groups of the before and after of 2.0 ± 0.79 mm and 2.05 ± 0.89 mm, respectively. For the CIL, the values of the comparison difference between the control and study groups were 2.35 ± 0.93 mm and 2.05 ± 0.58 mm, respectively, thus no significant statistical differences were found in both indicators (p > 0.05). BP was reduced by 95% and 90% in the control and study group. Concerning bacterial count, it was reduced in both groups, therefore, it was observed that the study group had a lower number of colony-forming units (CFU) so no statistically significant differences were found (p > 0.05). Conclusions: C. reticulata as support for NSPT showed similar behavior to chlorhexidine, obtaining similar effects for both clinical and microbiological indicators.