small size, big impact: an analysis of microplastic pollution
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Abstract
Microplastic pollution is a growing concern due to its diverse origins and widespread impacts on ecosystems and human health. Mainly originating from the degradation of larger plastics, these residues contaminate both aquatic and terrestrial environments. In water bodies, they are easily ingested by aquatic organisms, disrupting life cycles and food chains. In soil, their presence can affect quality and biodiversity, while in the air, they remain suspended and can be transported by wind. The impacts of microplastics are worrisome, particularly due to their ability to bioaccumulate in marine and terrestrial organisms, including humans. This pollution poses a significant challenge, necessitating detailed study through research where microplastics are the focus, along with the impact this pollutant presents in various scenarios. Thus, this study presents the results of a comprehensive literature review on the topic, highlighting key findings and linking the presence of these tiny residues to water, soil, and air contamination, as well as alterations in the food chain and consequently, in humans. It can be concluded that this type of pollution, present in all possible forms of human contamination, is already a reality due to its presence in aquatic environments, primarily affecting the food chain. Furthermore, these studied pollutants are smaller than those visible to the naked eye and are identified as fibers and filaments, often in predominant blue, red, and white colorations.
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